Workplace Change Over the Last 1015 Years Essay

Workplace Change Over the Last 1015 Years - Essay Example In addition, 63 percent of the executives also said that technology is also the future enabler of working styles in the future. Nevertheless, technology ranked fourth among the priority list of these executives in as far as the driving of businesses is concerned; after better productivity, culture, and cost reduction. According to these executives, VoIP, wi-fi, and ultra-mobile PC's are some of the technologies that will greatly impact on the workplaces in the next five years (Carr 2006). In this regard, flexible working is slowly becoming a common culture in some of the technologically-oriented companies. Whereas close to 91 percent of these organizations let their employees to work from home, a further 67 percent are still reliant on office attendance. For the latter group, 55 percent of the executives interviewed were optimistic that this trend will soon change (Carr 2006). Only just about 50 percent of the respondents believe that in the next five years, their workforce will still be commuting from home. Information technology has proved to be of fundamental importance in as far as organizational change is concerned. The business landscape will always have to change in line with the technological innovations in the workplace, pressure from competitors, and consumer preferences. As such, a lot of companies are now embracing information technology to streamline operations, improve business processes, increase profitability, and cut costs. The impact that information technology has had on organizational change cut across all the sections of an organization. Thus, the structure of the organization, process change, employee skill base, product delivery, and methodologies in marketing, all have to change as a response to information technology. Weber, Taylor and Fayol, as well as a couple of other theorists were of the opinion that there does exist a single and best way through which organizations can be structured. Nevertheless, organizations still vary greatly with regard to structural attributes, and this has led to the carrying out of numerous researches with a view to understanding the determinants of such variations. A lot of organizations are now becoming aware of the need to have relationships and social interactions at the workplace (Klein et al 2001). The understanding of such a phenomenon and the implications that it will have at the workplace is already proving to be a challenge to many organizations. Today, a lot of organizations struggle to keep pace with changes in the economy and the marketplace, while at the same time also seeking out for ways through which they can best enhance their financial profitability, while also enhancing the performances for their employees. Lin (2001) has described the theory of social capital in reference to the investments that organizations make in social relations, while also expecting to make returns in the marketplace. Such organizations usually embrace the culture and ethics of

Database management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Database management - Coursework Example select distinct Customer.CustNo, Customer.CustFirstName, Customer.CustLastName, Customer.CustBal from Customer, OrderTbl where Customer.CustNo = OrderTbl.CustNo and (OrderTbl.OrdDate between '01-Feb-2007' and '28-Feb-2007); select distinct Customer.CustNo, Customer.CustFirstName, Customer.CustLastName, Customer.CustBal from Customer, OrderTbl where Customer.CustNo = OrderTbl.CustNo and (OrderTbl.OrdDate between #02/01/2007# and #02/28/2007#); select distinct Customer.CustNo, Customer.CustFirstName, Customer.CustLastName, Customer.CustBal from Customer, OrderTbl where Customer.CustNo = OrderTbl.CustNo and month(OrderTbl.OrdDate)=2 and year(OrderTbl.OrdDate)=2007; select distinct Product.ProdNo, Product.ProdName, Product.ProdPrice from Product, OrdLine, OrderTbl where Product.ProdNo = OrdLine.ProdNo and OrdLine.OrdNo = OrderTbl.OrdNo and OrderTbl.CustNo = 'C0954327' and (OrderTbl.OrdDate between '01-Jan-2007' and '31-Jan-2007'); select distinct Product.ProdNo, Product.ProdName, Product.ProdPrice from Product, OrdLine, OrderTbl where Product.ProdNo = OrdLine.ProdNo and OrdLine.OrdNo = OrderTbl.OrdNo and OrderTbl.CustNo = 'C0954327' and (OrderTbl.OrdDate between

The Right to Euthanasia for the Terminally Ill Essay

The Right to Euthanasia for the Terminally Ill - Essay Example This position will be arguable from various points. To begin with, the right to life is one of the universal laws. This means that individuals possess the entitlement to live at all costs. However, this is a fundamental argument that does not address issues further than the same. It is arguable that the previous lives relied on fundamental laws in order to steer their vast lives. This helped compromise on a significant part of their lives. A possible example concerns with the concentration in trade that triggered creating laws on associations and trade. This is because the world was moving from the agricultural age to industrial one. This recognizes the fact that advancement of society requires legislations of new laws in order to accommodate the same (Forman & Scumann, 2008). In these laws, there was the recognition that there was more to life than just the same. This means that quality of life was more vital than survival. Individuals underwent substantial suppression in the event of satisfying the fundamental entitlement of life. Their cases of oppression became invalid to the respective governments as long as they had their life. This means that when quality of life ceases, it becomes rational to seek other ways (White, 2005). In the cases of individuals, who are under substantial pain and chronic illness, they deserve termination of lives. In most cases, individuals consent to their deaths. This refers to the concept of assisted death. In archaic sense, individuals’ rights were based on their relation to the societal sense. This means that society first received its entitlements before the individuals acquired the same. However, society has been known to be an abstract term that does not entail substantial information about the same. This led to the jeopardy of individuals’ life for the sake of society’s heritage (Dyck, 2005). The focus of the new strategy regarded a focus on individuals’ scenarios. This led to the elimination o f the idea that all individuals could hold the same rights. In turn, legal bodies enhanced laws for specific scenarios and individuals. In this case, even legal entities had their laws that could deviate from the main legal requirements of the country or governable units. In turn, individuals may consent to their own termination of life. In this case, one’s personal rights surpassed national laws that could jeopardize one’s own quality of life. It is vital to note that one’s won personal reasons would be valid because they would request for euthanasia. In fair legal scenarios, national laws would be invalid in guiding such scenarios because such individuals would not live with satisfaction. In addition, it is vital to consider the scenario and the rights of family members in case of relatives in case of relatives in indeterminable coma. In such cases, such family members share deep financial and psychological stress (Gorsuch, 2009). The patients do not face any psychological stress since they would be in numb states. The problem of such scenarios concerns the fact that medicine describes life as a simple life of breathing. It is notable that most patients, in indeterminable coma, never rise up to life again. In such situations, relatives bear financial burden that would rive them to debts. Most governments, who enforce the right to life, would not subsidize such fees. In addition, the families face psychological str

The Morality of the Criminal Process and its Effects on a Victim Essay

The Morality of the Criminal Process and its Effects on a Victim - Essay Example As the essay stresses punishment is a worldwide phenomenon that cuts across even the smallest units of society, families. No society can live smoothly without imposing punishment on offenders who go against the laws and customs governing them. This could propose an escalation of crime but on the other hand punishment has only been measured by people’s opinion, which often act as scapegoats to the nature of crimes that felons commit. Punishment still remains a stumbling block that attracts constant debate. The word crime has been overrated with the fact that law identifies it at one angle rather than at different standpoints. By clarifying this, crime is a universal term used in law to denote a felony regardless of its stature, unless it is deeply scrutinized. From the paper it is clear that originating from a single parent family, she is pressed to go the extra mile of getting money, which prompted her to shoplift because she did not have money to buy her mother a gift for Chr istmas. Analyzing her argument shows remorse and regret for her actions but on the other hand it depicts her desperation to meet her and her family’s needs. This shows how she is caught up in the midst of life problems that if the judge justifies her point, should give an appropriate punishment. The arguments displayed by the politician does not at all have a drop of pity to the poor girl and her family by saying that the lack of employment does not escalate crime and in this case not an excuse for Shirley to shoplift.

Writing Sample to be submitted with graduate faculty employment Essay

Writing Sample to be submitted with graduate faculty employment application - Essay Example There are several instances where brain scans are brought as court-room evidences to present that the suspect is somehow mentally challenged and thus cannot, for some reason, be charged with death sentence, and so be given lifetime imprisonment instead. Because of this modernity, criminal justice is challenged, and the issue remains unresolved. Immature Brain Neurolaw is creating a scene in providing judgments, leading experts from different fields in constant debate whether when to consider a brain as normal or abnormal, or when to consider the evidence as a legal mitigating circumstance or as an alibi. One contention raised by neuroscientists is that â€Å"adolescents are not as capable of controlling their impulses as adults because the development of neurons in the prefrontal cortex isn’t complete until the early 20s† (Rosen 3). The American Psychiatric Association backed-up this â€Å"anatomically-based† claim that there are differences between juveniles and adults, emphasizing that immature regions of the brain are those related with regulation of emotions, impulse control, risk assessment, and moral reasoning (Fagan 14). These are shown with the aid of modern technology which â€Å"rationalizes† the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders, and the brain is said to function maturely as the individual transitions into adulthood. This argument was essential in the Supreme Court’s decision for offenders below 18 years old not to be sentenced with death penalty. In addition, this neuroscientific evidence has been recently used several times in juvenile cases to influence the decisions of the judge and the jury. However, the complications neurolaw give our courts do not just end there. Law and Technology It is implied that a bigger concern in integrating neuroscience into the criminal justice system concerns cases where juvenile delinquency is not necessarily involved. There seems to be no clear delineation as to when brain sc ans may be considered adequate evidences, and how members of the prosecution committee would weigh the gravity of these proofs. However, the influence of neuroscience in the courts does not seem to cease. The law generally regards individuals responsible for their actions, but accommodations are sometimes granted to explain misconduct, and in this course neuroscience enters, arguing that differences in brain activity may influence behavior (Society of Neuroscience 38). High technology has made it possible for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans to link who we are and how we behave, as asserted by neuroscientists. Kent Kiehl is a prominent neuroscientist who has added psychopathy to the list of conditions that can be observed in fMRI scans, other than those telltale signs established for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Haederle). Highly interested in why psychopaths behave the way they do, Kiehl is involved in a research that scanned the brains of prison inmates and conducted interviews. Kiehl is delving on a possibility that â€Å"there are developmental differences associated with psychopathic traits,† where â€Å"the more severe the traits, the more severe the impairment in the paralimbic system† (qtd. in Haederle). Along with his other assertions based on neuroscience, he believes that it is not a good idea to punish convicted offenders who possess malfunctioning brains. Neuroscience and Criminal Responsibility Another aspect, however, concerns the relevance of neuroscience

Edwin H. Sutherland Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Edwin H. Sutherland - Research Proposal Example This essay is based upon one of the most celebrated criminologists of the twentieth-century and his theories: Edwin Sutherland. He was born August 13, 1883 in Gibbon, Nebraska and died in 1950. He grew up and studied in Ottawa, Kansas, and Grand Island, Nebraska. In 1904 he received the B.A degree from Grand Island College, and after that, he taught Latin, Greek, history, and shorthand for two years at Sioux Falls College in South Dakota. In 1906 he left Sioux Falls College and entered graduate school at the University of Chicago from which he received his doctorate. (Gaylord, 1988:7-12) There, he changed his major from history to Sociology. Much of his study was influenced by Chicago school's approach to the study of crime that emphasized human behavior as determined by social and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic or personal characteristics. After completing graduate studies he was employed at the University of Minnesota between 1926 and 1929 and solidified his reputation as one of the country's leading criminologists. During this period, his focus was on Sociology as a scientific enterprise whose goal was the understanding and control of social problems, including crime (Gaylord, 1988:13). Later he moved to Indiana University and became the founder of the Bloomington school of Criminology at Indiana University. During that time, he published 3 books, including Twenty Thousand Homeless Men (1936), The Professional Thief (1937), and the third edition of Principles of Criminology (1939). In 1939 he was elected president of the American Sociological Society, and in 1940 was elected president of the Sociological Research Association. According to him, "Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a social phenomena. It includes within its scope the process of making laws, breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws. These processes are three aspects of a somewhat unified sequence of interactions. The objective of Criminology is the development of a body of general and verified and principles and of other types of knowledge regarding this process of law, crime, and reaction to crime." (1974: 3) He was the first twentieth century criminologist to forcefully argue that criminal behavior was learned. His theory of differential association, developed in 1934 and 1947, was that persons who become criminal do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and isolations from non-criminal patterns. Differential association theory was Sutherland's major sociological contribution to Criminology; similar in importance to strain theory and social control theory. These theories all explain deviance in terms of the individual's social relationships. Sutherland's theory departs from the pathological perspective and biological perspective by attributing the cause of crime to the social context of individuals. "He rejected biological determinism and the extreme individualism of psychiatry, as well as economic explanations of crime. His search for an alternative understanding of crime led to the development of differential association theory. In contrast to both classical and biological theories, differential asso

Critical Mission of Homeland Security Essay Example for Free

Critical Mission of Homeland Security Essay The Department of Homeland Security was created after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The Department was formed by merging many exiting resources and adding to the best practices already in place. The Strategic Objectives of the Department are stated by the Department as â€Å"We will lead the unified national effort to secure America. We will prevent and deter terrorist attacks and protect against and respond to threats and hazards to the Nation. We will secure our national borders while welcoming lawful immigrants, visitors, and trade. â€Å" (Homeland Security). Critical Mission of Homeland Security The critical missions of Department of Homeland Security are to prevent, protect, respond and recover. Through utilization of all available technology and resources the primary mission is to prevent an aggressive act. If they are unable to prevent the incident the department will shift focus to protection. Protect as many citizens as possible from any imminent incident. If the incident could not be prevented the Homeland Security officials will respond to whatever the results are of the incident. This response could be in the way of coordinating with other agencies to provide the care and safety needed by the population in the affected area. The final mission is to recover from the incident. Although each mission is defined as a single mission in practice they are often interlinked in execution. While protecting citizens from an incident the agency at the same time may be proactively responding to the results of the incident. The recovery mission is over lapped in many areas by the response mission. Four Foundations of Homeland Security The National Strategy for Homeland Security has defined four foundations of homeland security. These foundations are; law, science and technology, information sharing and systems, and international cooperation. Each of these play a key part in providing for our national security. Identification and enforcement of the law. We have to know exactly what we are enforcing. Use of science and technology in each of the four critical mission areas. Information sharing was something various government agencies were not very effective at prior to 9/11. Since then Homeland Security has been working on removing many of the communication silos that were prevalent in the past. By open communication with several agencies overall effectiveness is improved. International cooperation is the final of the four foundations that has to be built upon. With terrorist moving from nation to nation and planning many of the attacks from foreign soil we have to work with all nations. International borders have to be permeable in today’s war on terror. Virginia Office of Commonwealth Preparedness The Commonwealth of Virginia has their own Department of Homeland Security. In Virginia it is called The Office of Commonwealth Preparedness. This office mirror many of the processes and objectives of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The Office of Commonwealth Preparedness works to make sure that all of the residents and businesses of the Commonwealth are safe, secure and prepared. Criminal Law and Civil Law Criminal Law and Civil Law are very different types of proceedings. Civil Law is usually a case between tow individuals or business entities. Criminal Law is a case between a person and a government. Civil Law In Civil Law a person is involved in litigation with another person or business. These are usually divorce cases, law suits due to injury at a place of business, or bankruptcy cases. Civil law never involves incarceration of either party because of the civil proceedings. There are some Civil cases that may become criminal cases. Stalking a spouse you are involved in a civil divorce proceeding with will lead to criminal charges being filed against the stalker. Civil law will never result in the incarceration of the guilty party. Fines in a Civil Law case are often paid to the other party in the proceeding. Criminal Law In Criminal Law there is a crime committed against society, or that endangers society by the action. Murder is a Criminal Law case. Although there may be only one victim the perpetrator of the criminal act may do so again. Therefore, society must be protected from this person. Driving while intoxicated is also a criminal law case. Even though no member of society may have been harmed by the act of driving under the influence. There was a danger posed to society by the act of driving under the influence. Criminal law cases may result in incarceration or probation of the guilty party. Fines judged in a Criminal Law case are paid to the governing body prosecuting the case. Incarceration for Misdemeanor Crimes The main difference in the two types of crimes misdemeanor and felony is the amount of possible incarceration if convicted. A felony is a more serious crime and if convicted the accused could be sentenced to incarceration for a term greater than one year or death. Misdemeanor crimes are less serious offences and if convicted will result in incarceration of less than a year if at all. I do not think those convicted of a misdemeanor should be incarcerated unless the person demonstrated no willingness to be rehabilitated through other means. Running a red light is a misdemeanor. Incarcerating this person for a period of time will serve no purpose in rehabilitation. The only outcome in this incarceration would be increase cost to the taxpayer of the community and increased crowding of jails. This accused will probably learn their lesson by paying a fine and undergoing a traffic safety class. The penalty of the crime will drive a lesson home to the accused. The taking a class will increase the general safety of the public. The current volume of cases on our court systems and the high cost of incarceration forces us to take a more lenient approach for misdemeanor crimes. Many in society would rather a person creating a danger to the public be off the streets rather than someone convicted of running a traffic light or petty theft. The penalty should be designed to make restitution and lead to rehabilitation of the accused. When we balance the crime with the penalty then we can have a better society. Bibliography Homeland Security. (2008). Department of Homeland Security. One Team, One Mission, Securing our Homeland. Retrieved 20 March 2009, from, http://www. dhs. gov/xlibrary/assets/DHS_StratPlan_FINAL_spread. pdf